Expert advice needed to combat threat

The recent discussion in the Republic by the relevant authorities of potential chemical biological attacks reveals an alarming level of ignorance of the nature of the threat. It points to the need for the Government and the relevant agencies to consult with the experts on nuclear, biological and chemical warfare. Among these experts are the intelligence, ordnance, engineer and medical officers of the Defence Forces.

It is vital that the Garda Siochana be briefed fully on the nature and likely mechanism of the NBC threat. It applies especially to all local authority personnel with responsibility for our water supply, and to the relevant agricultural and food industry personnel at sensitive points in the food chain. The key response of the relevant authorities should consist of education, information and vigilance.

In terms of detection systems, biological agents only become apparent after infection has taken place. Detection consists therefore of heightened awareness on the part of medical practitioners and accident and emergency units. Liaison with the Centres for Disease Control (CDCs) is an important part of this strategy in pin-pointing and tracing the path of such infections.

The best response open to the authorities in the event of a biological attack would lie in the rapid identification, tracing and quarantine of victims.

Chemical agents can be detected by means of Chemical Agent Monitors (CAMs) or Nerve Agent Immobilised Enzyme Alarm and Detector (NAIAID) systems.

For chemical and biological agents, the best protection for the individual in the event of an attack is the Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) suit. This suit, referred to by the military as Individual Protective Equipment (IPE), is worn with a respirator (gas mask) with a previously sealed canister (filter). Such suits would certainly provide more protection than the exhortation to "stay indoors and close the windows".