The question is not whether voter fraud will take place, but whether it will affect the outcome, writes PAUL TAITin Kabul
VOTER REGISTRATION cards are for sale by the handful on the streets of Afghan cities and villages.
Somebody even registered US pop star Britney Spears to vote in today’s presidential election – copies of her card were widely e-mailed and, for a while, pinned up in a Kabul hotel bar.
One Afghan man in a village not far from Kabul had a sackful of cards buried by a stream at the back of his house, for sale to anyone who asked – but he’d prefer if they were used to vote for Afghan president Hamid Karzai.
The question is not whether fraud will be perpetrated in today’s election, already described as imperfect by the UN and many western observers, but whether it will be of sufficient magnitude to influence the outcome of the vote.
What would be an acceptable outcome is difficult to gauge, with the danger of widespread civil unrest a major concern if the result of the poll, Afghanistan’s second since the Taliban were toppled in 2001, is disputed.
“The acceptance of the results from the top candidates and their supporters is absolutely vital,” said Dan McNorton, a spokesman for the UN mission in Afghanistan.
With security and threats of violence already a major factor in the election, uncertainty over the result of the poll could fuel further unrest by allowing insurgents to exploit the vacuum.
“Perceptions of illegitimate election results will benefit the Taliban,” policy think tank the International Council on Security and Development (Icos) said in a recent election report.
This will increase if no one wins an outright majority and the vote goes to a second round in October, it said.
Recent attention has focused on voter registration cards, genuine or fake, with suspiciously large numbers of women registered in some areas. But election officials and monitors say other measures can still block fraud, if applied correctly.
Afghans will have their fingers marked with indelible ink before casting their ballots, meaning they will only be able to vote once, no matter how many registration cards they might have.
“The concern is not at the front end of the process but at the back end. It’s not just a question of false registration cards, you need complicity at the polling station to use the cards fraudulently,” said Icos president Norine MacDonald.
Afghanistan has about 15 million eligible voters in a population of about 33 million, according to the government- appointed independent election commission, with about 4.5 million new voters registered this year.
Glenn Cowan, a governance expert and co-founder of Democracy International, believes it will be impossible for international observers to quantify the fraud. But he doubts that what he described as “retail corruption” – attempting to influence the outcome one vote at a time – would have much of an impact. “If you’re going to move two or three million votes in order to influence an election, that is a very, very difficult thing to do.”
At that level, Cowan is more concerned with the coercion of individual voters by local warlords and chieftains, as well as the Taliban’s threats to disrupt the poll. “Because of security issues, this is not an entirely open and free choice,” he said.
The likelihood of unrest will increase if the vote goes to a second round or if Karzai’s main challenger, former foreign minister Abdullah Abdullah and his ethnic Tajik supporters, suspect Mr Karzai, a Pashtun, has won unfairly. - (Reuters)