What is cellulitis and how does it develop?
Many types of bacteria live harmlessly on the skin’s surface. However, when a break in the skin occurs, bacteria can enter the body causing infection and inflammation. The skin tissues then typically become red, irritated and painful – this is known as cellulitis. Staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria are the most common causes of the condition. Risk factors for cellulitis include injury to the skin, insect, animal or human bites and surgical wounds.
Those with a history of peripheral vascular disease, poor circulation or diabetes are also at increased risk of developing cellulitis. People with fungal infections of the feet may experience recurrent bouts of cellulitis, as the cracks in the skin offer an ideal opening for bacteria to get inside the body. The use of medications that suppress the immune system and corticosteroids may increase the risk of developing the condition.
Signs and symptoms of cellulitis include raised temperature, chills, fatigue and malaise. The area of skin infected may be inflamed with noticeable redness, pain and tenderness. A rash may also develop and the skin may have a stretched, shiny appearance. In severe cases there may be joint stiffness caused by swelling. Nausea and vomiting may also be experienced. Blood tests may be required to confirm the diagnosis.
I’ve been put on a course of antibiotics, Should that clear it?
The aim of treatment is to control infection and prevent complications. Treatment with oral antibiotics, analgesics to control pain and elevation of the infected area to reduce swelling is usually required. In most cases the infection will clear with seven to 10 days of treatment. However, severe cases of cellulitis may take longer to clear particularly in those with chronic diseases or where their immune system is not working properly. In cases of severe cellulitis, hospital treatment may be required.
If left untreated, cellulitis can cause serious complication including bone infection, inflammation of the lymph vessels, gangrene and sepsis. You should protect the skin with lotions or ointments to prevent cracking, especially on the feet and between the toes. Wear shoes that fit well and trim your nails carefully to avoid damage to the skin around them. When a break develops in the skin, you should clean it carefully with soap and water, covering it with a bandage. Change the dressing daily until a protective scab forms. Watch for redness, pain and other signs of infection.
