CHECK-UP:Prompt treatment is the key
We are hearing a lot about the risk of hypothermia during this cold spell, but what exactly is hypothermia?
Hypothermia is defined as having a dangerously low body temperature – below 35 °C, (95 °F). It occurs when more heat is lost than the body can generate and is usually caused by extended exposure to the cold. People more likely to experience hypothermia include the elderly, the very young, those with chronic illnesses particularly respiratory and circulation problems. Being under the influence of drugs or alcohol also makes people more susceptible to the cold.
Common causes of hypothermia include exposure to low temperatures without enough protective clothing in winter, or wearing wet clothing in windy or cold weather. Heavy exertion, not drinking enough fluids, or not eating enough in cold weather can also precipitate hypothermia in those who are vulnerable. Falling into cold water can also result in hypothermia.
What are the symptoms of hypothermia?
Symptoms can include drowsiness, weakness, loss of co-ordination and uncontrollable shivering. However, at extremely low body temperatures, shivering may not occur. Breathing and/ or heart rate slows and the skin will be pale and cold. People with hypothermia may become confused with diminished ability to think and move. Lethargy, cardiac arrest and shock can develop without prompt treatment. Hypothermia can be fatal.
What should older people do to protect themselves during the cold weather?
Older people should keep the temperature in their homes, or at least the rooms they live in, at 18 °C to 20 °C. They should wear several light layers, rather than one thick layer of clothing during the day. Wearing a wool or fleece hat in bed will help retain body heat. They should try to remain active by spreading chores throughout the day and take some gentle indoor exercise. Where possible they should avoid going out in wet or icy conditions. Eating at least one hot meal a day and sipping hot drinks regularly throughout the day will also help them keep warm. A flask of hot drink – not alcoholic – should be kept by the bed in case they wake up feeling cold. They should keep in contact with family and friends by telephone on a daily basis and stock up on provisions when they can.
