Crashed jet caried poison, explosives, gases and munitions

It began as a routine, low-key parliamentary investigation to appease a minority who believed the full facts surrounding the …

It began as a routine, low-key parliamentary investigation to appease a minority who believed the full facts surrounding the worst civil aviation disaster in Dutch history had not come out. And to identify the cause of illnesses suffered by survivors and rescue workers.

Nobody in the Netherlands, a European model of openness and efficient management, priding itself on transparency and accountability, could have foreseen the time bomb waiting to go off.

A stunned public, watching the live televised proceedings of the Bijlmer Inquiry, discovered leading Dutch officials covered up vital information endangering lives after the crash. The Israeli airline, El Al, had received special treatment resulting in astonishing lapses of public safety at the Amsterdam airport and over Dutch airspace.

Five leading officials have already been suspended. The Prime Minister, Mr Wim Kok, has described the cover-up as "unforgivable" and "shocking", and criminal proceedings are expected to result.

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Dutch civil servants, state civil aviation officials and air traffic controllers now stand accused of conspiring to conceal the fact that the jumbo jet which crashed over Amsterdam in October 1992, killing 39 people on the ground and the crew of four, was carrying explosives, poison, gases and munitions.

Flowers, perfume and electronics were the listed cargo, according to the Dutch authorities.

But recorded telephone transcripts in the crash aftermath played to the parliamentary inquiry reveal that a cover-up was agreed between an El Al employee and his Dutch counterparts.

The existence of the transcripts became known only recently. El Al has officially said its investigation into the crash is complete.

It advised the Dutch that the cargo was dangerous and can help no further.

One Israeli military investigator was quoted as saying the crash inquiry was a political smokescreen fuelled by greedy lawyers in pursuit of compensation claims for victims.

The type of poisons and gases being carried aboard is still unclear. The implications, for the hundreds who sifted through the crash debris searching for survivors and clues to the tragedy, many with their bare hands and without protective clothing, and for residents, are ominous.

Also revealed was a 25-page repairs check-list never carried out on the Boeing 747 cargo plane which ploughed into a high-rise apartment complex in the densely populated Amsterdam suburb shortly after taking off.

El Al mechanics testified that they were ordered by senior staff to release aircraft they themselves considered unfit to be airborne and did not want to sign release forms for.

"Sometimes a plane should not have been allowed to fly," said a Dutch senior El Al mechanic, Mr Carel Gaalman, under oath.

"There were several occasions when an aircraft unfit to fly was taken up regardless. It happened a few times in 1992," he said.

Other airlines also sometimes took short cuts on maintenance, he claimed, and these were known as "grey flights".

The El Al cargo flight which crashed was carrying 115 tons of cargo, 15 above the maximum limit.

Witnesses at the Dutch inquiry have testified that planes with up to 120 tonnes which "could barely get off the ground" were granted permission to fly.

The airline had a unique position at Schiphol airport, enjoying special privileges since the beginning of the 1970s.

Nobody was allowed to inspect El Al cargo or interfere with its procedures, challenge its security or ground staff or speak about anything they had seen, said witnesses, describing the El Al area as a mini-Israel.

According to the defence magazine, Jane's Weekly, until the end of 1996 Schiphol was Israel's most important transit point for military cargo, listed as general cargo or electrical parts, passing through the Dutch civil airport under a shroud of secrecy.

"A generation of Dutch people feel they owe a great debt to Israel, and the irregularities now being uncovered at the El Al disaster inquiry are part of accommodating this special relationship," said the political commentator Mr Hans Wansink. "Of the 140,000 Jews in Holland, 105,000 were murdered during the war, and our guilt feelings that much more should have been done to save them persist to this day".