Amnesty International has condemned Palestinian suicide attacks on Israeli civilians and urged the Palestinian Authority to prosecute those responsible.
Amnesty has previously accused the Israeli army of human-rights abuses against Palestinians fighting occupation. Israel has denied this, accusing Amnesty of having an anti-Israeli agenda and not doing enough to criticize suicide bombings.
Amnesty took aim at Palestinian militants in its seventh report on the human-rights situation in the two territories since the September 2000 intifada.
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"We urge the Palestinian Authority to arrest and bring to justice those who order, plan or carry out attacks on civilians," said the report, presented at a news conference in Gaza City, a stronghold of militant groups.
The report said 350 Israeli civilians had been killed in attacks staged by Palestinian nationalist and Islamic groups over the past 21 months. Sixty of the Israeli dead were children, the youngest five months old. At least 60 others were above age 60, the report added.
"Whatever the cause for which people are fighting, there can never be a justification ... under international law ... for direct attacks on civilians."
Mr Abdel-Salam Sayed Ahmed, Middle East deputy director of Amnesty, said it contacted representatives of Palestinian militant factions before issuing the report.
However, Mr Mahmoud al-Zahar, a senior leader of Hamas, rejected Amnesty's appeal.
"We reiterated our right to self-defence. This is not a war between two armies and should not be viewed as such," he said. "I believe the communique ... deliberately ignores the legitimate motives of our struggle. It is a communique with bias toward Israel."
Amnesty denied the report was politically motivated and an attempt to redress the balance following previous criticisms of Israeli policy.