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Caving, technically known as speleology, is the sport of exploring caves, potholes, abandoned mines and other underground features. Cavers use a variety of technical equipment, including ropes, ladders, head-torches and wet suits to penetrate dark and often flooded passages beneath the Earth's surface.

Cavers are attracted by the tranquillity of caves and their often stunning natural features. These include delicate crystalline formations, such as stalactites and stalagmites, formed over thousands of years. In Ireland, there are two main caving regions, in Clare and Fermanagh/Cavan. The sport attracts several hundred regular participants, many of them members of the Speleological Union of Ireland. Most universities also have active caving clubs.