Can your body teach itself to run better?

Some say efficient running can only be taught, while others say you can learn simply by running. A new study involving 10 novice runners may settle the question

CAN PEOPLE become better, more efficient runners on their own, merely by running?

That question, seemingly so innocuous, is remarkably divisive at the moment, with running experts on one side suggesting that runners should be taught a specific, idealised running form, while opponents counter that the best way to run is whatever way feels right to you.

Little published science, however, has been available on the subject of whether runners need technical instruction or naturally have the skill. Now a timely new study suggests that new runners eventually settle into better running form – just by running more.

To conduct the study, which will be published in the September issue of the journal Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, researchers with the Bioenergetics and Human Performance Research Group at the University of Exeter in England turned to a group of adult women who’d recently joined a running group.

The group’s members were planning to embark on a 10-week, self-paced running programme, with a half-marathon race as the incentive at the programme’s conclusion for those who wished to compete.

All of the women who agreed to be studied were healthy, in their 20s or 30s, of normal weight, and completely new to the sport of running.

Each woman was given a pair of running shoes that would not influence her natural mechanics, and each visited the lab before starting the running programme.

At the lab, the women were fitted with motion-capture sensors, heart-rate monitors and other measuring equipment, and asked to run on a treadmill while being filmed. Afterward, the scientists calculated each runner’s aerobic fitness, particular running biomechanics or form, and running economy.

Running economy, also known as running efficiency, is a measure of how much oxygen a person uses to run at a particular pace – in essence, how hard it is to run at that speed. Efficiency is considered one of the determinants of running success.

A more economical runner requires less energy than others and presumably should be able to run farther or faster.

The novice runners in the new study were not especially economical at first, as is typical of new runners. For the first week or so, they alternated running and walking, with the goal of becoming able to run for 30 uninterrupted minutes.

Each woman trained on her own and at her own pace, although once a week they convened for a group session, with a leader encouraging and exhorting them but not otherwise offering running advice or coaching.

None of the novice runners became injured and none lost weight. But over the course of the 10-week programme, they became better runners, as subsequent laboratory testing showed. Their speed and endurance increased – not into national-class range, but most were able to run for 30 minutes at a pace of about 12 or 13 minutes per mile. And they became notably more economical, with their ability to use oxygen increasing by about 8.5 percent.