• RSS
  • Text Size:
  • -
  • irishtimes.com - Posted: February 26, 2009 @ 8:15 am

    Liquor laws

    Bryan

    There is an interesting story on the BBC’s website. A year after Australia’s Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, apologised to Aborigines for ‘past injustices’, not much seems to have changed. In fact, some incredibly paternalistic practices introduced by former Prime Minister John Howard have been extended. Howard, in response to alarming statistics on child sexual abuse, banned the sale and consumption of alcohol in indigenous communities. Similar bans were extended to the sale of pornography. The idea was that a sober male population that wasn’t sexually charged on pornographic material would be less given to sexual assault. That’s probably a fair assumption.

    Like most people, I don’t think there are many things worse than the sexual abuse of children. It needs to be tackled aggressively. I also have no sympathy for people who break the law following substance. But I don’t like the idea of treating a people group like children. Incredibly, it seems as though the Rudd government is being accused of pursuing a line of thought that isn’t too far removed from the one which led to the abduction of Aboriginal children so that they could be raised ‘properly’.

    A friend and former colleague worked for years as a doctor in Alice Springs, a town in Australia’s Northern Territory. He was shocked by the degree of alcohol abuse he witnessed there, particularly within the Aboriginal community. We spent hours debating the degree to which the past, low expectations, and the other social factors contributed to that state of affairs.

    I am by no stretch of the imagination an expert on Australia. But coming from a continent that has suffered under the burden of low expectations, I can empathise with people who are angry about being subject to a different set of laws to the rest of the population.

  • 16 Comments

    1.
    February 26, 2009
    10:27 am

    The idea was that a sober male population that wasn’t sexually charged on pornographic material would be less given to sexual assault. That’s probably a fair assumption.

    Does an abundance of pornographic material excite people to sexual abuse? I’d be interested to see that study (though frat boy culture in the States charged on alcohol, misogyny, and porn would back you up there!).

    Alcoholism, like drug abuse, is rooted in deeper causes. Aborigines share with many Native Americans in the United States, both similar social circumstances and biological weakness to alcohol.

    I’ve not been to Australia, but I’ve been to a bunch of Indian reservations in the United States and it is clear that the main causes of alcoholism there are rooted in economic and social neglect. Think Dublin 8 and heroin.

    I like the way you put it, “suffered under the burden of low expectations”, that is certainly half of it.

    Comment by Steve K
    2.
    February 26, 2009
    11:27 am

    Don’t aboriginal Australians have a huge genetic intolerance for alcohol though? If alcohol isn’t in their culture then perhaps it is best for them if it is prohibited in their communities.
    Presumably the Aboriginal Sydney banker who has a glass or two of Shiraz at the weekend isn’t going to be affected. It will only affect those who wish to live in the traditional manner, out in the bush with other Aborigines.
    Say for example you are an Aborigine who enjoys a responsible drink and a read of the odd pornographic magazine – and who doesn’t? Now, if your desire for those things outweigh the benefits of living in your indigenous community, then you should consider leaving and starting a new life in a mixed town or city. If however you don’t want to leave, but still wish to have a tipple and your nudey magazines, maybe it is time for you to address your concerns to your fellow Aborigines about their behaviour. Tell them it is not okay to sexually abuse people, and make it very clear that people in the community who commit these crimes will face justice, meted out by the Aboriginal community.
    If these things happen in ‘white’ Australia people are punished. Why don’t the Aborigines look out for their neighbours in the same way?

    Comment by Derek
    3.
    February 27, 2009
    12:29 am

    Steve – Alcoholism, like drug abuse, is rooted in deeper causes.

    Granted, taking this point leaves us prone to the charge that we are just bleeding heart liberals, but I totally agree with your point. It’s easy to legislate. It’s much easier at any rate than digging through social problems and trying to come to their roots. But unless those core issues are dealt with, laws are unlikely to sufficiently change things.

    Derek – Don’t aboriginal Australians have a huge genetic intolerance for alcohol though? If alcohol isn’t in their culture then perhaps it is best for them if it is prohibited in their communities.

    I think it is better to steer clear of arguments of genetic predisposition to things. It is a slippery slope that I think is best left alone. As for what is ‘best’ for Aborigines, who gets to decide? At the heart of the criticism against the Australian government is the sense that they are being paternalistic. How can a people group be treated like children who don’t know what is in their own best interest. The very same thinking was responsible for the atrocities that Rudd apologised for a year ago. Once upon a time, the Irish were also thought of as not knowing what was best for them. That line of thinking goes beyond the slippery slope in my opinion.

    As for what is accepted in ‘white’ as opposed to Aboriginal Australia, the same laws apply. Aborigines haven’t asked that child abuse be swept under the rug or go unpunished. There isn’t a desire for a double standard. In the same way that people all over the world are assumed to have the right to live in communities of their choosing, under the law of the land and enjoying the same freedoms as the rest of the state, why shouldn’t Aborigines live in their communities under those circumstances?

    From an African perspective, few things can do as much societal damage as the propagation of the idea that a people group is infantile and needs paternalistic protection.

    Comment by Bryan
    4.
    February 27, 2009
    6:46 am

    From an African perspective, few things can do as much societal damage as the propagation of the idea that a people group is infantile and needs paternalistic protection.

    I agree wholeheartedly Bryan, but what’s the solution then?

    And I think you are being overly politically correct when you say I must avoid designating Aborigines as genetically intolerant to alcohol. It was simply not in their culture as it was for Indo-Europeans. Fermenting was how we made drinks safe for drinking. To achieve the same thing East Asians boiled their water and put tea in it. And so East Asians show some intolerance to it too.

    Comment by Derek
    5.
    February 27, 2009
    1:59 pm

    I think it is better to steer clear of arguments of genetic predisposition to things. It is a slippery slope that I think is best left alone.

    Absolutely not. The science behind this is solid. Aborigines lack the gene, carried by Europeans, for processing alcohol. There is nothing racist or shady about this, and it should be taken into account.

    Just like racists should be taken to account for stating anti-scientific views, so should those who deny the simple truth that is aborigines’ genetic disposition towards developing alcoholism is easier than others.

    Comment by Steve K
    6.
    February 28, 2009
    2:31 pm

    Derek & Steve – After having done some research on the subject, it appears as though there is evidence suggesting trade between Aborigines and Indonesians which included alcohol 100 years before the beginning of the colonization of Australia. There may even have been some local fermentation. Alcohol only really became a problem after it was used as a weapon against that population as it was in North America against native Americans.

    As for genetic predisposition, that is still contentious. The evidence is not conclusive. The evidence for the hereditary nature of alcoholism in all populations is also not conclusive. There is a complex interaction between genetics and environmental factors which combine to give rise to to outward manifestations of a trait (phenotype) which makes it difficult to isolate causes in this type of situation. This is especially true when there are so many confounding social factors to consider.

    Worst of all, the suggestion of a genetic predisposition to alcoholism was first put forward when there wasn’t any wat of testing that hypothesis and came with all sorts of other racist ideas about the biology of Aborigines.

    For those reasons, and because I don’t think it should make a difference to policy setting, I think the ‘genetic predisposition’ line is unhelpful.

    How the should the problem be tackled? In the same way that alcohol misuse in Ireland and in other places is tackled. Ireland has the greatest levels of binge drinking in the EU. The health complications are significant and they adds millions to the annual cost of health care. And if we looked hard enough, I’m sure someone would be able to find a scientist somewhere who had ‘evidence’ of a genetic predisposition to alcoholism in the Irish. Yet I’m pretty sure that a suggestion from Brussels that the Irish should have restrictions placed on how much alcohol they are allowed to purchase would not be greeted kindly.

    Comment by Bryan
    7.
    February 28, 2009
    5:14 pm

    Steve K.

    I think you may be referring to alcohol dehydrogenase, which in humans is probably a steroid alcohol dehydrogenase with specificity broad enough to metabolise ethanol.

    There is a variant that used to be known as the Chinese variant, which had reduced activity against ethanol, which therefore persisted longer in the bloodstream. It was somewhat amusing at conferences to watch Chinese scientists get looped on a glass of beer.

    I don’t know about Australian natives, but Native Americans share the same variant, which accounts for the supposed effects on them of firewater.

    However, there’s been so much intermarriage etc that some Native Americans could drink a lot of Irishmen under the table.

    Bryan: is there any evidence that Irish and/or American priests were addicted to porn before committing their abusive crimes? Incest in Ireland may have been fueled by alcohol, but I don’t know where the porn might have come in.

    Comment by DesJay
    8.
    February 28, 2009
    9:52 pm

    Pornography commodifies sex; it commodifies women, in the cases of child porn it commodifies children and, in the cases of all explicit imagery, extensive exposure will produce a numbing effect whereby the viewer begins to think that this is reality, or at least should be – these are facts, backed up by plenty of research that Google should be able to corroborate, if not the God that is Wikipedia.

    But prohibition has never done anybody any favours; as a short-term solution it may have some small effect, but “looking forward” (as my marketing friends like to say), would it not be more sensible to provide dedicated social workers for Aboriginal communities who may feel marginalised, and unable to look to the authorities for help or guidance in difficult situations like these?

    DesJay, priests are a whole ‘nother kettle of fish – perhaps one that Bryan doesn’t intend to get into here, but child sexual abuse in the priesthood has its causes far and beyond pornography and alcohol.

    Comment by Rosemary
    9.
    March 1, 2009
    11:10 pm

    Let’s not all be romanticising what life was like for Aborigines before Europeans arrived. I’m pretty sure they still had high infant mortality rates, suffered from diseases, and presumably rape and incest and physical abuse weren’t introduced by white people.
    Before I come to my main point: as for pornography commodifying women, well, obviously it commodifies children as they have no choice, but let’s grant women who choose that profession a measure of respect for their choice. They are adults free to choose their own career paths. It might also come as a surprise to some people that men work in the industry. Does it commodify them or are men less equal than women in that regard?
    Look, pornography exists for a couple of main reasons. The first is that human males are poorly evolved in the sense that their bodies produce far too much sperm than what is needed to reproduce. Pornography is simply a healthy device to assist in getting rid of it. One sure way to see a spike in rapes would be to have all men walking around pumped full of testosterone, even though their bodies are screaming at them to get rid of it.
    The second (and becoming far more popular) is as a foreplay device for couples.
    Plenty of people I know (men, women, couples both gay and straight) read and watch pornography and they’re normal people. They have normal lives and normal relationships. Blaming pornography for high levels of rape and incest is like blaming Marilyn Manson for high school shootings. It is reminiscent of the sensationalist tactics used by the Daily Mail. The problem is a cultural one. I absolutely cannot see how having no job or prospects makes you rape a child or a woman. Please explain how that works.

    Comment by Derek
    10.
    March 2, 2009
    6:22 pm

    I wrote an articulate defence of pornography but it wasn’t published.
    I now refuse to contribute any more to this blog.

    Comment by Derek
    11.
    March 2, 2009
    7:08 pm

    DesJay – I don’t know of any studies on the correlation between porn consumption and sexual crimes. But links have definitely been suggested by some. Like Rosemary, I think the very idea behind porn is based on exploitation and I’m not a fan. I would like to see less of it in the public domain. But even with something like porn, there are huge dangers in prohibiting it to some people groups as opposed to others. If there are going to be restrictions (which I support in principle), I think they should be universal.

    Rosemary – I’m not brave enough to start up a conversation on Priests that abused children. There are some things, I think, that outsiders should have the sense to leave alone.

    Maybe you should take a look at the subject?

    Derek -I’m sorry DesJay. I was traveling and unable to approve any comments. Maybe I should get a Blackberry or iPhone.

    About your original comment, I totally disagree with both points you made. The life of Aborigines before colonisation is neither here nor there. Laws that apply only to them today are wrong regardless of the historical context in this case.

    As for pornography, while there may be plenty of willing buyers and sellers on the margins, at the core, I am still convinced that it is based on the celebration of power over whoever is being commodified for the sexual gratification of the viewer. At the core, plenty of ’sellers’ are as willing as poor farmers in the developing world are willing to work under horrible conditions for just about enough to get by.

    Comment by Bryan
    12.
    March 3, 2009
    10:00 am

    How ironic and laughable to talk about so called genetic traits for alcoholism on an Irish based Blogsite,ha ha ha,.If you want to see the biggest Gene pool for alcoholism on the planet, heck, just check out the main street of any irish town any night.Simliar thoughts were expressed about the so called hard drinkin feckless and lazy irish peasants during the nineteenth century, and that too was tarted up with the pompous science and morality of the period in order to Justify the Irish as inferiors species and somehow responable for their plight.Its sad that Bryans blog is now become the forum for RACISTS and those who would justify the exploitation and traffickig and abuse of poor women.

    Comment by Gerry Mac Donagh
    13.
    March 3, 2009
    3:27 pm

    I don’t know about Australian natives, but Native Americans share the same variant, which accounts for the supposed effects on them of firewater.

    DesJay & Bryan.

    Apologies, I didn’t do my homework on this one either. Native Americans and some Chinese appear to lack the gene for ethanol processing, but there is no comprehensive study for Aborigines.

    In that light, the gazing eye of science has placed genetic pie on my face. Genetic traits not be considered in this debate.

    Comment by Steve K
    14.
    March 3, 2009
    11:36 pm

    Gerry – I think we’re all predisposed to long term memory loss, especially if the past wasn’t great and the future looks bright. Because of the way the future is looking, I wouldn’t be at all surprised if more people started looking back into the past in the coming months!

    Steve – No apology needed. We all get some things wrong once in a while. I should know!

    Comment by Bryan
    15.
    March 10, 2009
    1:41 pm

    Hi there Bryan, I’m from Australia and came across your entry doing some research on a piece for my own blog.

    Unfortunately in some areas of Australia Aboriginal adults act like children. I agree it’s sad that the government has to step in and stop them spending their welfare cheques on drugs instead of their kids but really, there isn’t any other way. We’ve literally tried everything else from food stamps to education – the lazy buggers just don’t get it.

    And as for being angry about being subjected to a different set of laws, well nobody seems to be complaining about all the extra welfare you can claim if you identify yourself as aboriginal to the government. Angry about being subjected to different laws of the population indeed.

    I know I sound a bit harsh but the general consensus over here is Australian’s are sick and tired of taxpayer money being put towards unsustainable communities. Currently it seems the situation is in stale mate. The government doesn’t seem to want to pump any more money into the areas and the Aboriginal leaders just sit around with their hands held out.

    You can read my entry on recent Aboriginal related media here: http://ozsoapbox.com/rest-of-australia/western-australian-aborigines-demand-more-money/

    Comment by OzSoapbox
    16.
    May 3, 2009
    3:46 pm

    The life of Aborigines before colonisation is neither here nor there.
    *****************************************************

    Any historian knows fine well that this is not true and is in fact most important to look at in order for all of us to understand.

    Look at ourselves in Eire, before the Roman church and the British came….we had the best justice system in the world, and where is it now.?

    The Aboriginees and the American Indians also had systems which we yearn for today.

    Their system of women holding council was very important.

    But under the patriarchal system women were/are demonised and men are also the loosers.

    Now forcing Aboriginees and American Indians to live in concentration camps- because that is what they are, is inhuman.

    So called colonialists, who were supposedly civilised were in fact the true barbarians- cognitively projecting their own selves onto the natives.

    What the West did to those people was to de-humanise them, and now they see the results of their do- gooder attitudes.

    The British did the same to the Irish, and our advanced civilization suffered badly- but that has all been written out of the his+story books, as the winner of the wars writes the story in any way he chooses.

    These people were the ones in touch with Mother Earth, who had all the ansers, which are going to need soon for our own survival.

    Comment by Portia

    Comments on this article are now closed.


Search outsidein